Vietnam

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Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is a Southeast Asian country located on the eastern margin of the Indochinese Peninsula. It shares borders with China to the north, Laos and Cambodia to the west, and the South China Sea to the east. Vietnam covers an area of approximately 331,212 square kilometers and has a population of over 96 million people, making it the 15th most populous country in the world. Its capital is Hanoi, while its largest city is Ho Chi Minh City.

Historically, Vietnam has been influenced by Chinese, Khmer, and Indian cultures. After nearly a millennium under Chinese rule, Vietnam gained independence in 938 AD. The country was divided into various dynasties and later became a French colony in the 19th century. Following World War II, Vietnam fought for its independence from France in the First Indochina War, which ended in 1954 with the Geneva Accords, splitting the country into communist North Vietnam and anti-communist South Vietnam.

The Vietnam War, known in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America, began shortly after the division. The conflict, which saw heavy involvement from the United States, ended in 1975 with the fall of Saigon, leading to the reunification of the country under communist rule. Following the war, Vietnam experienced economic difficulties due to international isolation and a centrally planned economy. However, in 1986, the government introduced economic reforms known as Đổi Mới, transitioning to a socialist-oriented market economy. These reforms spurred significant economic growth, and by the 21st century, Vietnam became one of the fastest-growing economies in the world.

Vietnam is a member of several international organizations, including the United Nations, ASEAN, and the World Trade Organization. It maintains diplomatic relations with numerous countries and has expanded its role in regional and global affairs. The country’s economy is driven by agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism, with rice being a major export product. Vietnam is also a popular destination for international travelers due to its rich cultural heritage, natural landscapes, and historic sites such as Ha Long Bay, Hoi An Ancient Town, and the Cu Chi Tunnels.