Oldest human DNA from South Africa reveals genetic continuity over 10,000 years

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Researchers from the University of Cape Town (UCT) and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology have successfully reconstructed the oldest human genomes from South Africa, dating back approximately 10,000 years. This groundbreaking study focuses on the genetic sequences obtained from the remains of a man and a woman discovered at a rock shelter near George, situated about 370 kilometers east of Cape Town.

The analysis yielded 13 sequences from individuals whose remains were found in the Oakhurst rock shelter, spanning a timeline from 1,300 to 10,000 years ago. Prior to this research, the oldest genomes previously reconstructed from the region were only about 2,000 years old.

The findings revealed that these ancient genomes share genetic similarities with modern San and Khoekhoe populations residing in the Western Cape today. This contrasts with studies conducted in Europe, which indicate significant genetic changes over the last 10,000 years due to human migrations. According to lead author Joscha Gretzinger, the results suggest a remarkable history of genetic stability in southernmost Africa until around 1,200 years ago, when new groups arrived, bringing pastoralism and agriculture to the region.

Victoria Gibbon from UCT highlighted the technological advancements that have enabled the retrieval of this ancient DNA, which contributes to our understanding of the region's early human history.