Middle East

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The Middle East is a region in Western Asia and North Africa, home to diverse ethnic groups, languages, and religions. It includes countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, Israel, Iraq, Egypt, and the United Arab Emirates. Major languages include Arabic, Persian (Farsi), Turkish, and Hebrew, with Islam, Christianity, and Judaism being the primary religions. Geographically, it encompasses deserts, rivers, and seas, with important features like the Arabian Desert, the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, and the Mediterranean Sea.

The Middle East is a global center for oil and gas production, with countries like Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Iraq holding significant reserves. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), which includes several Middle Eastern nations, plays a major role in the global energy market. Economic diversification efforts, especially in Gulf countries like the UAE and Qatar, have focused on sectors such as tourism and finance.

Politically, the Middle East is known for its complex international relations, strategic importance, and conflicts. Key issues include the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and regional tensions involving Iran. International efforts, including those by the United Nations, have focused on diplomacy and conflict resolution.

The region is home to historically significant cities such as Jerusalem, Mecca, Baghdad, and Cairo, and contains many UNESCO World Heritage Sites, such as Petra in Jordan and the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt.